For landing clearance, where are two-way radio communications with ATC required?

Two-way radio communications with Air Traffic Control (ATC) are specifically required at tower-controlled airports for landing clearance. This is because tower-controlled airports have an operational control tower that actively manages the flow of traffic in and around the airport environment. The tower issues clearances, including those for landing and takeoff, to maintain safety and efficiency in what can be a congested airspace.

In contrast, at uncontrolled airports, pilots operate under the assumption that they are watching out for each other without the assistance of a control tower. While established communication protocols may still be followed, such as broadcasting intentions on a common frequency, the requirement for two-way radio communication for clearance does not apply in the same way as it does at controlled airports.

The need for landing clearance and adherence to ATC instructions is crucial at controlled airports to minimize the risks of accidents and to ensure that aircraft are sequenced properly for landing and takeoff. Thus, the requirement emphasizes the importance of radio communication in maintaining safe operations at these facilities.